Section C · Action · 16 marks

Action.

How editors build tension and keep cuts invisible. Cross-cutting, the three convergence types, and the continuity rules — anchored on the clips we studied.

Grab your Action active-notes handout
Do Now · 5 minutes
Do Now
  1. What is cross-cutting (another name for it)?
  2. Name the three types of convergence.
  3. An actor runs left-to-right, then in the next shot runs right-to-left. Which rule is broken?

Jot answers in the Do Now box — then we re-watch the clips.

Do Now · check
  1. Cross-cutting = parallel editing — alternating two threads of action
  2. Collision · Reveal · Deadline
  3. Screen direction (the 180° rule)
Exam radar

Section C rewards the right vocabulary. Use the exact terms: cross-cutting, convergence, screen direction, cut on action.

What Section C tests

16 marks. Editing & tension.

Cross-cut sequence

Choose a clip, name the convergence type, describe how cross-cutting builds tension.

Continuity break

Identify a broken rule (screen direction) and explain the effect on the audience.

Smooth cuts

Explain a technique (cut on action) that keeps the action seamless.

Two 3-mark “describe/explain” answers carry this section. Build to the audience effect every time.

The invisible craft

Good editing is the cut you never notice.

Continuity editing is the set of rules that make cuts feel smooth and invisible. Break them, and the audience is jolted out of the scene.

The three rules

Continuity techniques

Screen direction · 180° rule

Moving left-to-right in shot 1 → still left-to-right in shot 2. Cameras stay one side of the axis of action.

Matching movement

A movement started in shot 1 continues at the same speed/angle in shot 2. A punch going up keeps going up.

Cut on action

The cut happens during a movement — the movement itself hides the join.

Three rules → three boxes on your handout
Spot the break

When it goes wrong

  • Runs left, then suddenly right → screen direction broken
  • Punch up in shot 1, already up in shot 2 → matching movement broken
  • Door fully opens, cut, then steps through → not cut on action (feels stilted)
Audience effect — always finish here

The viewer is confused / disoriented, the smooth illusion breaks, momentum is lost and immersion in the action weakens.

Building tension

Cross-cutting

Alternating between two threads of action happening at the same time, in different places.

Where the threads meet

Three convergence types

Collision

The two threads physically meet.

Reveal

One thread reveals information to the other / the audience.

Deadline

One thread races a clock set by the other.

Memorise the clip → type mapping (next slide)
Re-watch · what each clip shows

The set sequences

Strangers on a Train → Collision

Guy’s tennis match cut against Bruno racing to retrieve the lighter. The threads collide at the scene.

Argo → Reveal

The team at the airport gate cut against the guards’ phone calls. The reveal: do their identities hold?

Star Wars → Deadline

Luke’s trench run cut against the Death Star’s countdown to firing. A hard deadline.

Watch for: how the shots get shorter as each sequence nears its convergence.

Bonus technical code

Camera movement

  • Pan / tilt — rotate on a fixed spot (reveal, dominance/vulnerability)
  • Track / dolly — move with or toward the subject (intimacy, tension)
  • Handheld — energy, chaos, urgency, realism
  • Crane / steadicam — scale and spectacle, or eerie floating calm

A great “one other technical code” to name alongside cross-cutting in the extended answer.

What a full-mark answer looks like

Worked model · the trench run

Question · 3 marks

“Describe how cross-cutting is used in your chosen sequence to build tension.”

Model answer · 3/3

In the Star Wars trench run, cross-cutting alternates between Luke piloting toward the exhaust port and the Rebel base tracking the Death Star’s countdown. As the sequence builds the cuts get shorter and faster, flicking between threads with less time on each. This splits the audience’s attention and builds urgency — we feel the deadline closing as the two threads race to converge.

Your turn · interactive

Cut it together

On media.codes/strikes-back · Action
→ Continuity rules drill  ·  Cross-cut spotting
→ Collision / reveal / deadline

action.html

Then write — AI marked
Exit ticket

Before you go…

  1. Match each clip to its convergence type: Strangers / Argo / Star Wars.
  2. Describe how cross-cutting builds tension (two points).
  3. Name a continuity rule and the effect of breaking it.

That’s all three sections covered. Tomorrow: a full practice exam under real conditions.